Literature Review on African American Substance Abuse

Literature Review Literature Review Literature presented in this review reflects research conducted during the past five years, 2007 - 2011, and addresses the phenomena of adolescent substance abuse in the African American demographic. Additionally, this literature review will address documented causes of adolescent substance abuse as presented by psychologists, psychiatrists, educators, government officials, urban-policy researchers, addiction counselors and human service professionals. Opposing views will be presented by various experts on the subject of substance abuse among the African American adolescent population. This review will further address current theories, studies and perceptions of the magnitude of the impact of substance†¦show more content†¦The notion that drug dependence could be considered a â€Å"self-acquired disease†, based on individual free choice leading to the first experimentation with illicit drugs, has contributed to stigma and discrimination associated with drug dependence. However, scientific evidence indicates that the development of the disease is a result of a complex multi-factorial interaction between repeated exposure to drugs, and biological and environmental factors. Attempts to treat and prevent drug use through tough penal sanctions for drug users fail because they do not take into account the neurological changes drug dependence has on motivation pathways in the brain (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2008). As managed care set down private roots, federal and state policy makers took aim at the limited penetration of a stratagem that had been conceived in hopes of slowing the growth of costs in Medicare (and Medicaid). Until the late 1980s, states largely deferred to critics who warned that disadvantaged populations suffering from poverty, social dislocation, limited literacy, and multiple health problems (sometimes including mental illness and substance abuse) should not be â€Å"locked into† HMOs that lacked experience treating these complex case loads, abridged their freedom of choice, and might prosper financially by underserving them (Brown amp; Jacobs, 2008, p. 63). Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use creates a huge health b urden for the United States and mostShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Women Living With Hiv Aids1576 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV AIDS 1 AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV AIDS 9 African American Women Living with HIV/AIDS Ruth Dionne Davis SCWK 620 Winthrop University Department of Social Work Abstract HIV/AIDS is a major concern in the African American community. African American women have the highest incidence rate of HIV infection with a steady increase over the years. 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